Electromechanical switching systems including Gotthilf Ansgarius Betulander.
2.
The pulse repetition rate was historically determined based on the response time needed for electromechanical switching systems to operate reliably.
3.
The rapid replacement of electromechanical switching systems in the 1980s with electronic or digital systems eliminated the problem of older switches that would not recognize 911.
4.
During the early 1970s, telephone companies began to phase out the older electromechanical switching systems such as the step-by-step circuit switching systems and replace them with newer electronic switching systems that were controlled by proprietary computers but still used analog switch fabrics such as Bell-proprietary ferreed switch devices.
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